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Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino

Project Overview

This Smart Irrigation System is designed to automatically water plants based on the moisture level in the soil. Using an Arduino board along with soil moisture sensors, this system monitors soil conditions in real-time and activates a water pump when the soil becomes dry. This setup saves water and ensures that plants receive the optimal amount of water.

Components Required

• Arduino Uno: The main controller of the system.
• Soil Moisture Sensor: To measure the moisture level in the soil.
• Water Pump: Controlled by the Arduino to supply water to plants when needed.
• Relay Module: Allows Arduino to control the high-power water pump.
• Jumper Wires and Power Supply

Working Principle

The system operates based on readings from the soil moisture sensor. If the sensor detects low moisture levels, the Arduino activates the water pump through the relay module, supplying water to the plants. Once the soil reaches the desired moisture level, the pump is turned off, conserving water and ensuring the plants are not over-watered.

Circuit Diagram

Here’s how to connect the components:

• Connect the VCC and GND pins of the soil moisture sensor to the 5V and GND pins on the Arduino.
• Connect the sensor’s Analog Output (A0) to an analog pin on the Arduino (e.g., A0).
• Connect the IN pin of the relay module to a digital pin on the Arduino (e.g., D7).
• Connect the water pump to the relay as per the relay’s specifications.

Arduino Code

        // Smart Irrigation System using Arduino
        const int sensorPin = A0;        // Soil moisture sensor pin
        const int relayPin = 7;          // Relay module pin connected to the pump
        int sensorValue = 0;             // Variable to store sensor reading
        int threshold = 400;             // Threshold value for moisture

        void setup() {
            Serial.begin(9600);
            pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
            digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Initialize the relay as OFF
        }

        void loop() {
            sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);   // Read moisture level
            Serial.print("Moisture Level: ");
            Serial.println(sensorValue);

            if (sensorValue < threshold) {         // If soil is dry
                digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);       // Turn ON pump
                Serial.println("Pump ON");
            } else {
                digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);      // Turn OFF pump
                Serial.println("Pump OFF");
            }
            delay(2000);  // Wait 2 seconds before the next reading
        }
    

System Workflow

The system operates in the following steps:

1. The soil moisture sensor continuously monitors the moisture level of the soil.
2. The Arduino reads the sensor data and compares it with the set threshold value.
3. If the soil moisture level is below the threshold, the Arduino activates the water pump through the relay module.
4. Once the soil moisture level is adequate, the pump is turned off, saving water.

Benefits of the Smart Irrigation System

• Conserves water by only irrigating when necessary.
• Prevents over-watering and under-watering of plants.
• Reduces the need for manual watering and improves crop health.
• Automated solution ideal for gardens, farms, and greenhouses.

Conclusion

This Smart Irrigation System using Arduino is an efficient and cost-effective solution for modern agricultural practices. It helps save water, reduce labor, and ensure plants receive adequate water, contributing to a sustainable irrigation approach.